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The Present Perfect Tense
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Subject + has/have + Past Participle (column 3 动词)
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例一) I have taken my lunch.
(SUBJECT) + (HAVE) (PAST PARTICIPLE)
舍么是 PAST PARTICIPLE (column 3 动词) ?
Column 0 动词 Column 2 动词 Column 3 动词
Base form verbs基本动词 Simple Past verbs简单过去式动词 PAST PARTICIPLE
take took taken
eat ate eaten
go went gone
buy bought bought
talk talked talked
do did done
has / have had had
Present Perfect Tense 的 关联词: just (刚刚), already (已经), not yet (还没), ever, before, many times, this week, so far, this month, this semester.
Present Perfect Tense 与 Simple Past Tense 不一样的地方是，在 Present Perfect Tense 里头，动作发生的准确时间并不重要，而且也不时常被提到。
注例:
Have you already eaten?
She has taken my copy. I don’t have one now.
我们并不说:
Have you already eaten just now? 错！（'just now' 是英文里所谓的‘准确时间’。不应出现在这里）
She has taken my copy yesterday. I don’t have one. 错！('yesterday' 是英文里所谓的‘准确时间’。不应出现在这里)
现在，让我们来学 TENSES. 如果你一听见 TENSES，便觉得很闷，而且觉得是读死书，那你可能会在 ENGLISHMOO 里学了 TENSES 后，而 对 TENSES 改观。在这里，我们告诉你在舍么情况，就用舍么方式，句子来讲。这使到学TENSES的目的，是要让你在舍么情况，懂得说些舍么。这绝不是你在中学时期学的那种学了又不知舍么时候用得着的 TENSES.
那到底，在舍么情况下，才应该使用 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 呢?
情况一: 近距离 的过去式 或 我们所谓的'已经'
a) 为现在带来了效果 / 后果。注例:
例一:
I have broken my watch. I don’t know what time it is.
以上的句子是 Present Perfect Tense.
I have broken my watch 带来的效果 / 后果 : I don’t know what time it is
前面句子发生的事情 (I have broken my watch), 导致 (I don’t know what time it is)
例二:
She has taken my copy. I don’t have one now.
>前面的句子是 Present Perfect Tense.
因为发生了前面句子的事情，我现在才会没有copy.
She has taken my copy 带来的效果 / 后果 : I don’t have one now
前面句子发生的事情 (She has taken my copy), 导致 (I don’t have one now)
b) 当我们要说‘已经’ ，‘还没’ ，‘刚刚’ 的时候。注例:
Have you eaten? 你已经吃过了吗?
She has not arrived yet. 她还没到达。
I have just done it. 我刚刚完成。
Have you had your lunch already? 你已经吃过午餐了吗?
情况二:远距离的过去式
a) 多次重覆的动作。注例:
She has done this type of project many times before.
We have been to Singapore at least five times over the last few years.
has done this project many times
•------•------•------•------------>
TimeLine _____________________|_________________
Past Now Future
请注上图。在例子一里，她做过这种 project 很多次。‘做过’ 的动作是重复的(小黑点的代表)
b) 经验 - 当我们要说/问关于别人/自己的经验，或者陈述曾经做过的事情。注例:
关联词: ever, before
Have you ever been to Singapore? 你曾经去过新加玻吗?
Yes, I have been to Singapore before. 是的，我曾去过。
Have you done this type of project before? 你曾做过这类的计划吗 ?
Have you ever smoked? 你曾抽过烟吗 ?
情况三: 从过去开始发生，直到现在的 动作 (动作 还正在发生)
注例:
关联词: since, for
I have worked here since June. 我从六月便开始在这工作。(现在还在这工作)
She has been in England for 3 months. 她人在英国已三个月了。(现在人还在
英国)
I have studied Japanese for 5 years (Present Perfect Tense)
have studied (5 years)
•---------------------------------------->
TimeLine __________________________|_________________
Past Now Future
我学日本语已五年了，现在还在学习。(Present Perfect Tense)
注: 虽然 Present Perefect Tense 不提到动作发生的准确时间， 但一旦我们使用 ‘since’，我们便可注明 ‘动作开始的时间’
注例:
I have worked here since 6.20pm. (6.20pm 是准确时间)
I have worked here since Monday. (Monday 是准确时间)
I have worked here since 2002. (2002 是准确时间)
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更多例子:
I have eaten.
John has studied English for 3 years.
They have forgotten to bring their books.
Alan and John have come to the party.
He has broken the rules five times.
He has not broken the rules five times.
John has told us about the test.
Has John told us about the test?
They have heard about the news.
Have they heard about the news?
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Present Perfect Tense 我刚吃过了
